Coagulopathy associated with extended-spectrum cephalosporins in patients with serious infections.

Patients enrolled in two double-blind multicenter studies were evaluated for the development of hypoprothrombinemia during treatment with cephalosporins. Patients with pneumonia or peritonitis received ceftizoxime, cefotaxime, or moxalactam. The incidence of hypoprothrombinemia was greater in patients with peritonitis (12 of 49) than in those with pneumonia (5 of 96; P less than 0.05). Overall, moxalactam was associated with a higher incidence of hypoprothrombinemia (13 of 52) than either ceftizoxime (1 of 43; P less than 0.05) or cefotaxime (3 of 50; P less than 0.05), and moxalactam patients incurred the highest average increase in prothrombin time (3.7 s) as compared with either ceftizoxime (0.5 s; P less than 0.05) or cefotaxime (0.9 s; P less than 0.05) patients. The occurrence of hypoprothrombinemia in moxalactam patients with peritonitis was not related to dosage, duration of therapy, age, sex, race, or renal or hepatic function. The degree of ileus was, however, strongly related to the development of coagulopathy in moxalactam-treated patients only.